How to Import Goods into the U.S.: A Step-by-Step Guide for First-Time Importers
From HTS classification and customs bonds to ISF filing, entry and duty payment — the full U.S. import process and who does each step.
Updated October 24, 2026 · 10 min read
The import process at a glance
- Check the product is allowed and which agencies regulate it.
- Classify it in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) to know the duty rate.
- Get an importer number and a customs bond.
- Hire a licensed customs broker (and usually a freight forwarder).
- File the ISF (ocean) before loading, then the entry when goods arrive.
- Pay duties and fees, take delivery, keep records for five years.
Before you buy
Admissibility. Some goods are restricted or need approval from partner government agencies — FDA (food, cosmetics, medical devices), USDA (plants, wood packaging, animal products), CPSC (children’s products), FCC (radio devices), EPA (engines, chemicals). Find out before you place the order.
HTS classification. Every product has a 10-digit HTS code that sets its duty rate and statistics. Classification depends on what the product is and is made of — not what the supplier calls it. Getting it wrong is the most common and most expensive import mistake; a licensed customs broker can classify for you, and CBP can issue binding rulings.
Landed cost. Price your product on the full cost to your door, including duty, any additional tariffs, CBP fees and freight. Our import duty calculator gives a quick estimate.
Importer number and bond. Businesses normally use their IRS EIN as the importer of record number (CBP Form 5106 registers it). Buy a single-entry or continuous customs bond — your broker can arrange it.
Booking and shipping
Agree the Incoterm with your supplier (see our Incoterms guide). Under FOB or FCA you book the freight through a forwarder. For ocean freight, your broker files the ISF at least 24 hours before the container is loaded abroad, using the supplier’s commercial invoice and packing list.
Arrival and customs entry
Your customs broker files the entry (CBP Form 3461 for release and the entry summary, Form 7501) electronically through ACE, usually before the goods arrive. CBP may release the cargo, hold it for document review, or select it for an exam. Partner agencies can place their own holds.
The entry summary and payment of estimated duties and fees are generally due within 10 working days of release. Fees include the Merchandise Processing Fee (MPF) and, for ocean cargo, the Harbor Maintenance Fee (HMF).
After release
Your forwarder or trucker picks up the cargo from the port or airport. CBP can review entries after release, so keep invoices, packing lists, bills of lading and entry records for five years. If you import regularly, a continuous bond and a monthly statement with your broker simplify everything.
Find a licensed logistics partner
Every company in our directory holds an active CBP or FMCSA license. Browse by state and city, compare license records and contact companies directly.
- Only companies with active federal licenses
- License numbers shown so you can double-check
- Free to use, no sign-up
Verify a provider before you hire
Look up any CBP filer code, MC or FF number to see the licenses on record.
Frequently asked questions
Do I need a license to import into the U.S.?
Most goods need no import license. You need an importer number (usually your IRS EIN), a customs bond for formal entries, and you must meet the rules of any partner agency for your product, such as FDA for food and cosmetics or the FCC for electronics.
How long does U.S. customs clearance take?
When documents are filed before arrival and nothing is selected for exam, release often happens within a day of arrival. Exams, missing documents or partner-agency holds can add days or weeks.
What is a customs bond and do I need one?
A bond guarantees CBP that duties, taxes and penalties will be paid. It is required for formal entries (generally over $2,500) and for goods regulated by other agencies. Choose a single-entry bond for one shipment or a continuous bond if you import regularly.
What is ISF 10+2?
The Importer Security Filing: ten data elements from the importer (supplier, buyer, HTS codes, country of origin and more) that must reach CBP at least 24 hours before ocean cargo is loaded on the vessel abroad. Late or missing ISF filings can be fined.
Related guides
- Incoterms 2020 Explained: All 11 Terms, Who Pays What (With Chart)
- Customs Broker vs Freight Forwarder: What’s the Difference and Do You Need Both?
- How to Verify a Customs Broker or Freight Forwarder Before You Hire One
This guide is general information, not legal advice. Rules and rates change — confirm requirements with CBP, FMCSA or the FMC before you ship.